The Lives of the Working Class During the Industrial Revolution

The lives of the hands on classification during the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution premier began in Great Britain during the 18Thursdaycentury. It was a period when the head start of work changed from agribusiness to industry, and society from rustic to urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing ordinarily took topographic point in people’s houses using essential devices and machines. Most people’s lives were hard, on account of their small salaries, so individuals created their ain vesture and supplement. At the point when the Industrial Revolution began, controlled machines, plants and large scale manufacturing took topographic point. People groups started to head out into metropoliss to obtain occupations in industry. It other than improved travel, imparting and banking. The Industrial Revolution improved the rules of life for a great many people, however the hands on class experienced the Industrial Revolution since they worked for extensive stretches of clasp with little leftover portion and increasing litt le pay, their everyday environments were painful and permitted infection to disseminate simple. In spite of the fact that, during the Industrial Revolution, individuals started relocating to the metropoliss for a superior life, the regions and housing for the hands on class were unreliable, unfortunate and squeezed. For delineation, in 1750, the number of inhabitants in London was only roughly 670,000 and by 1900, it was 3 million. With such a large number of individuals moving in, the factory owners needed to build dwelling quickly. These houses were gotten back to-back houses. Back to embrace houses were actually worked consecutive ; imparting a back divider to another house or factory, and most comprised of one room ( Troolin ) . Frequently one room housed an entire family and the entire building was shared between 15-20 families. The houses were firmly pressed with no pipes frameworks. Regions were foul ; individuals much of the time tossed their family squander out into the boulevards. People groups needed to have on long boots to navigate the dirty avenues loaded with dun g and dead enliven being natural structures. Sanitation was about non-existent and numerous toilets were found outside of the houses, since they smelt terrible ( â€Å"Everyday Life in the Industrial Revolution.† ) . Absence of patroling prompted an expansion in the offense rate. Banks, stockrooms and indication of the zodiacs were new stamps for robbery. More offense prompted stuffed jails, and with that, it prompted more perish sentences. ( â€Å"Did the Industrial Revolution lead to more crime.† ) . The phenomenal speed and graduated table of relocation into towns caused a significant adjustment in way of life which improved the personal satisfaction for the hands on class. In idiotically populated, mechanical towns, maladies spread simple and wellbeing was influenced. As there was no insight of sources, maladies spread rapidly and simple over wide nations. Ailments, for example, cholera, enteric fever, and typhus were extremely normal. Cholera was a danger ; on the grounds that it was brought about by defiled H2O. Cholera hit Britain in the clasp around 1830 to 1867, with a small break in the middle. At the point when sewerage came into contact with the H2O, as individuals to a great extent utilized waterways as their start of guzzling H2O, the infection spread quick. In London, in 1831-1832, roughly 7,000 individuals passed on of cholera. The sickness was non ever deadly when you got it, however it had a 50 for every centum likeliness of perishing. 15,000 passed on of the ailment in 1848-49. The ailment to a great extent influenced the more unfortunate individuals ( working class ) yet the upper classification was non completely unaffected, in spite o f better life conditions. Another regular sickness was TB, which slaughtered one tierce of the considerable number of individuals who kicked the bucket in Britain. It was brought about by hapless eating regimen and damp spots ( â€Å"Diseases in mechanical metropoliss in the Industrial Revolution.† ) . People groups turned out to be less safe in light of their hapless eating routine. Ordinary in the middle of classification individuals ate three repasts a twenty-four hours, while the working classification Ate one time or once in a while twice a twenty-four hours with simply a bit of staff of life and a bowl of porridge. Contrasted with the open country, life in the stupidly stuck towns with hapless sanitation made illnesses scattered quickly and simple. Another ground for mortality was the hands on classification needed to work extended periods of time ( 12-14 hours a twenty-four hours ) in factories. They could only hold a little rest ( 4-6 hours a dull ) and kept on working the twenty-four hours after, which decreased their resistance to ailment. Air contamination had a significant result on people’s lungs. London turned into a city with high air contamination focus. At the point when mist and smoke consolidated, exhaust cloud shaped, which could be dormantly ; in 1873, 700 Londoners passed on of brown haze in a hebdomad. The blend of inadequacy of sleep and brown haze in towns brought about individuals falling severely progressively simple, now and again in any event, following in perish. Working in plants was non acceptable paid and conditions were unpleasant. People groups needed to work 12 to 14 hours a twenty-four hours, 6 yearss a hebdomad. The compensations for working in a plant were other than profoundly low. The entire family unit needed to work ( incorporating kids ) so as to back up themselves ( Troolin ) . Work power earned between 20-30 shillings a hebdomad, grown-up females earned a third of that and kids were non paid, yet given supplement and safe house ( Herman ) . People groups would get up from the get-go in the forenoon, having their morning meal while racing to the plant and work ceaselessly until tiffin. Mid-day breaks just endured 30 proceedingss and after that the laborers would hold to work again until around 9 p.m ( some until 11p.m ) and get down again tomorrow ( â€Å"Everyday Life in the Industrial Revolution.† ) . Industrial facility owners boosted total compensations by keeping up remunerations low on account of the bounteousness of laborers. Working in coal mineshafts was likely the most hazardous occupation during the Industrial Revolution. There were numerous risks, with rooftop fall ining being the most well-known. The passages connecting the land and the mine were truly restricted and low. It made it hard for laborers to make a trip from topographic point to topographic point. Blasts other than happened which much of the time killed a group of individuals. Working in a coal mineshaft for too much long, the coal air that the laborers took in would at last do genuine mischief to their lungs. Laborers in coal mineshafts did non hold a long life expectation. Ladies and children other than were utilized in coal mineshafts and did likewise occupations as work powers ( â€Å"Coal Mines in the Industrial Revolution.† ) . Coal gave the fuel to the Industrial Revolution, yet the human cost was high. Kid work was other than a genuine activity during the Industrial Revolution. 80 for each centum of the full work power was comprised of children. Youngsters were really simple to lock in. There were plentifulness of them in orphanhoods and they could be supplanted simple if mishaps occurred. A portion of the more extravagant factory owners would take the children to his thoughtfulness regarding feed them and gracefully them a topographic point to kip in return of the children working in their plant. Youngsters did non gain the prizes that they should hold. It just furnished them with the essential requests and it’s barely bounty to last. Kids were part less expensive than drawing in adults as the factory owners could pay less to back up the plant and the children were little bounty so they could crawl under machines and fix them. The perilous conditions and the long working hours made them hold no clasp to make different abundance exercises. These children had no guidance. Thi s implied they had nil better to make however to work in plants for the rest of their lives, and it proceeded to the accompanying coevals. From the outset, there were no Torahs to ensure these children. The plant owners would just degenerate the factory controllers and that would be its terminal. By the mid 1800s, 107,000 children were utilized in the texture business ( Thatcher ) . Various Torahs were passed to secure children. The main demonstration was in 1819 that expressed that kids younger than 9 could only work a maximum restriction of 12 hours. The majority of import work law that the British parliament passed was the Ten Hour Bill of 1847. It constrained the working hours for children and grown-up females to 10 hours with better rewards. In spite of the fact that Torahs were passed to secure children, they were non trailed by the plant owners and guardians required their children to gracefully for the family unit. Life expectation improved until after the Industrial Revolution. In provincial nations in Britain the existence expectation was 45 mature ages ; in London, it was 37 mature ages. Other topographic focuses like Liverpool it was 26 mature ages and in the mid nineteenth century 25-33 for each centum of English children kicked the bucket before the age of 5. In choice, the Industrial Revolution was a significant change in way of life and brought new sorts of building. Without the Industrial Revolution, the cutting edge universe would non hold railwaies, factories, or large scale manufacturing of merchandise. The upper and in the middle of classes would be advised to and wealthier life conditions. The in the middle of class could manage the cost of non simply the essential requests, yet different abundance extravagances like more vesture, furniture, some vino on the supper plain exhibit and a greater house. The rich got more extravagant and the hapless, unfortunately, got much less fortunate. The working classification plainly experienced the Industrial Revolution. They needed to populate in hapless and swarmed houses, with the threat of infections. A large portion of them didn’t have a bunch to eat and many starved to perish. Entire families needed to work and individuals were isolated. In this period kids were one of the gatherin gs which endured the most out of it. With the lack of guidance and on the grounds that they were modest to connect by factories owners, they turned into the main work power and were as often as possible beaten. In spite of the fact that there were acceptable long haul impacts for the hands on class and work Torahs set to ensure laborers, it was s

The Verbing of the English Language

The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language The Verbing of the English Language By Mark Nichol One of the most creative parts of development amicable English is verbing, the denominalization of things into action words. It’s the same old thing action words have been made from thing structures for the duration of the life expectancy of Modern English and maybe even before it advanced from Middle English; what’s been diverse during our lifetime, maybe, is the rate at which it happens. Denominalizations the greater part of us have become used to on the grounds that they’ve been around some time incorporate pencil (â€Å"I’ll pencil you in for tomorrow at nine o’clock†), pattern (â€Å"Stocks keep on slanting downward†), and effect (â€Å"That’s going to essentially affect our plan†). On the off chance that those uses aren’t sufficiently irritating, you can cause individuals to flinch by utilizing exchange (â€Å"We’ll discourse about this later†). Brand names even get denominalized, just like the case with Xerox and, all the more as of late, Google. Be that as it may, verbing isn’t kept to the workplace. At home, moms and fathers parent, and individuals have visitors. Dynamic people ski and skate, while those making the rounds get situated, at times simply after they’re checked. The essential driver of the ongoing expansion of verbing is innovation: Before the normal individual approached PCs, software engineers were getting to information on the web. At the point when the Internet went standard, we started to bookmark our bookmarks. The same number of individuals started to support content informing, messaging remained close by calling or calling. (By augmentation, clear being a tease and content based telephone sex was named sexting.) Social systems administration gave us the action word structure â€Å"to friend† (and, unavoidably, â€Å"to defriend†), just as another feeling of â€Å"to like,† where enjoying is a purposeful activity instead of essentially an inclination. Denominalization is dubious and prompts a lot of antagonism. Be that as it may, why? Probably the most essential words in English dress, dream, rest, strike, talk are action words indistinguishable in structure to their parent things. The appropriate response: English supports neologisms, however a significant number of its clients are (frequently legitimately) unwilling to upstart words. A large number of the denominalizations we underestimate may have struck audience members and perusers as unbalanced and irritating when they originally experienced them, however albeit numerous others no uncertainty fell by the wayside for that very explanation, various ones have since a long time ago been conceded status as standard English. There’s just so much you can do to support denominalization or to stifle it, yet at long last, it’s a law based procedure: If a neologism requests to you, advance it by utilizing it. In the event that it shocks you, downgrade it by shunning it. Only one out of every odd grinding verbification will last, and in the event that one that especially pesters you goes terminated, you can assume halfway acknowledgment since it has consistently been missing from your composition. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the General class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Based in and based out ofDifference among Squeezing and Ironing10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

What Is a Drug Dealer

What Is a Drug Dealer Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print Drug Dealer and Their Customers By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on August 14, 2019 Marie-Reine Mattera/Photononstop/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery A drug dealer is an individual who sells drugs, of any type or quantity, illegally. They can be small-time dealers who sell small quantities to offset the costs of their own drug use, or they can be highly organized groups and businessmen within high-organized operations that run like a serious business.   Traditionally, drug dealers are seen as a key part of the problem of addiction in our communities, and there is often a lot of overlap with pushing controlled drugs such as marijuana, heroin, meth, and cocaine. Although this is the case with some drug dealers, in reality, there is a lot of variability among drug dealers, the types of drugs they sell, the reasons they sell, and whom they sell drugs to. For example, there is currently an underground market for prescription pain medication  for people who have chronic pain and are addicted to painkillers. When their pain medication use escalates, they are often labeled as drug-seeking, and their physician or insurance company may cut off their supply to the medications they need to control their pain, so they may turn to a drug dealer to purchase these drugs. Myth vs Reality In television and in the movies, drug dealers are usually very obvious, wearing garish clothes and being very open about what they are and what they do. But in reality, many drug dealers are much more discreet and blend in very well. In a survey on why people started doing drugs, more than half of the respondents said they wanted to fit in. Drug dealers are very aware of this as a powerful selling tool. They know that you want to be included with your friends and not be different. Doctor Doubling as a Drug-Seeking Behavior What a Drug Dealer Looks Like The stereotype of a drug dealer is often someone who is uneducated, cruel and perhaps heavily tattooed or has a well-known criminal record. But drug dealers like that are often an anomaly; instead, drug dealers live and work right alongside law-abiding people.   They may have a regular day-job, a stable home, and a loving family. Some dont even do drugs themselves and solely are in the business for the significant profits they can make. In a survey done of known drug-dealers, more than 75% of them had a full-time job with reputable companies. Many of them did very skilled jobs and had prestigious titles.   Who Are Drug Dealers Customers? Customers come from every walk of life, from lower to upper class and every race and gender. Many market to students in high school or college while others cater to professionals. There is a cottage drug dealing industry of prescription drugs, such as sedatives or medications for ADD, to help young professionals in high-pressure jobs cope with their roles.   Regardless if a person is selling small quantities of leftover painkillers or large batches of illegal substances, that person is a drug dealer and is violating the law. Doing any transactions with that person can have serious legal ramifications, including arrest and jail time.   Words and Names Can Take on Different Meanings in Drug Culture

The Healthcare Plan Of Clinton - 1569 Words

THE HEALTHCARE PLAN OF CLINTON Clinton’s Healthcare Plan: the Reasons Why It Failed In the United States the issue of government funded healthcare programs has always been one of importance drawing attentions of many and involving myriads of debate sessions. Still now people take quite interest in dissecting and finally commenting on why Obamacare is a success and why Clintoncare/Hillarycare was not. But whatever may be the reason behind such indulgence, it must be analyzed why such a welfare effort like President Clinton’s healthcare plan ultimately failed even though having some great features which, if implemented properly, would have changed the course of healthcare policies in the United States for a considerable period of†¦show more content†¦Congress, as one of the key players, was seriously considering plans to provide universal health coverage on one hand, and physicians, big businesses, and Republican lawmakers, on the other hand, as various interest groups opposing the Congress, were more interested in blocking the proposals of the Congres s (Bok, 1998). The situation was a dilemmatic one and some reformation was needed. Clinton felt the nerve of the majority of the populace who were in favor of healthcare reform and hence, he made healthcare a primary weapon in his election campaigns. With his win the issue of healthcare reform came to forefront. It must be noted that gradually American businesses were singing in the tune of Clinton due to the fear of losing further businesses due to their disadvantageous position fueled by the rising health costs in the United States and â€Å"Growing segments of the medical community expresses a desire to consider reforms; even hospitals seemed interested in some scheme that would spare them the heavy burden of giving free medical care to the uninsured† (Bok, 1998). Moreover, Clinton was obliged to introduce a healthcare reform policy also due to the fact that â€Å"large majorities of the public rated health care reform among the most urgent problems facing the nation and voiced support for a plan that would provide medical insurance for all Americansâ₠¬  (Bok, 1998). After getting elected as the

The Relationship Between Will and the Psychologist in...

This paper will discuss the relationship between Will Hunting and the psychologist Sean Mcguire in the movie Good Will Hunting. The struggles that occur between these main characters will be analyzed and their meanings found. A basic outline of the movie will be included to give the larger picture and its influence upon the two men. An Analysis of the Movie ?Good Will Hunting? and the Main Characters Will Hunting and Sean Mcguire Outline: 1. Description of the Movie a. Setting of the movie b. Introduction of the main characters 2. The Main Characters and their problem a. Will Huntings Problem and Sean?s intervention. b. Development of the problem and their solutions 3. The final development of the Characters a. A†¦show more content†¦The cops show up and Hunting is arrested for hitting a cop and sent to jail. It is then that Will solves the complicated math equation. He is sent to jail but the professor, who must have had some pull in Boston was able to get Will out of jail if he works on math proofs and see a psychologist. Hunting agrees, but has a hard time with dealing with a psychologist, scaring five away, two are shown. He then meets Lambeaus old college roommate, Sean Maguire (Robin Williams). It is Maguire that turns Will around because he is not afraid to talk back to him. The movie really relates the main idea of the story and that is what psychologists call intimacy. The two characters of Will and Sean are the central focus of the movie. Skylark, Chuckie and his friends help in the bigger scope but the relationship between the psychologist Sean and Will is what really counts in this tale. The main focus is placed on Will, whom has a rare genius to put together abstract math problems and finds it hard to relate to world without getting arrested for doing something violent and rebellious. He grew up in South Boston and the hard streets have jaded him, while his intelligence further isolated him from people and made him hostile to other people. In the beginning of the film, Will is discovered by Lambeu (Stellan Skarsgard) a professor of mathematics, and his well-being becomes a serious issue and he is pursued. While placing a difficult math problem on the chalkboardShow MoreRelatedGood Will Hunting Film Analysis808 Words   |  4 PagesVu Nguyen English Composition I Mr. Dylan Travis RELATIONSHIPS IN GOOD WILL HUNTING Good Will Hunting is an interesting story of a young genius orphan growing in a slums of South Boston with a group of best friends, written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck and directed by Gus Van Sant. In this film, Will Hunting is the main character played by its father Matt Damon who is trying to himself identify his value in the world. 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Pakistan China Relation Development Free Essays

MARIAM ABBAS 15-10079 The Major Developments in Pakistan’s Relations with China Almost sixty years have lapsed since Pakistan and China established diplomatic relationship. The relationship between the two countries are time tested, an unbridled relationship which continues to grow and strengthen with passage of time. The area in which the two nations reside has undergone numerous Geo-strategic changes namely Sino-Indo relations, the collapse of Soviet Union, 9/11 with Pakistan becoming front line state in the war against terror and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan China Relation Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In context to all these developments, China and Pakistan find themselves on the same page , each strongly supporting each other at every forum thus exhibiting exemplary and unique brotherly relationship. The intensity of the relationship can be gauged by the frequency of the visits by the two heads of the state which continue unabated. President Zardari stated on his second visit to China in February 2009, within a year of taking over the presidency, â€Å"Perhaps no relationship between two sovereign states is as unique and durable as that between Pakistan and China. On the Pakistan side of the Himalayas, the mighty range that separates the two countries, China is seen as a true, time tested and reliable friend that has always come through for Pakistan. That the Pakistan-China friendship is higher than the peaks of Himalayas is now a truism without exaggeration. I am certain that on the Chinese side a similar sentiment exists for Pakistan. It is a friendship rooted in the hearts and minds of the people of the two countries. 1 An insight into the significance of developments of relationships between the two nations are outlined below: â€Å"In 2005, China and Pakistan signed a land mark Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation, whereby they committed that neither party will join any alliance or bloc which infringes upon the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of either nation, while simultaneously positing that both parties would not conclude Treaties of this nature with any 3rd party. †2 The above agreement is manifest of the deep rooted friendship between the two states. The security and territorial integrity of any nation is the most vital element for existence for any nation. Pakistan China relationship were based on these foundations. Having build a solid foundation of friendship, China provided physical, technical and financial support to Pakistan on a number of vital projects bringing huge economic benefit. The infrastructure projects of Karakoram highway and Gwadar Port are a few significant developments. The construction of Gwader Port will bring immense economic activity in the area. It will also afford a strategic entrance to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean thus gaining a considerable influence in the region. The People’s Republic of China enjoys strong defence ties with Pakistan. China fully supported Pakistan in its 1965 war against India. China’s source of military equipment to Pakistan has steadily increased over the years. Ever since the dependence on American military equipment has become unreliable and prone to undeclared conditions, the induction of Chinese hardware has increased. China has helped to establish ammunition factories, provided technological assistance in modernizing existing facilities. Joint ventures such as development of JF-17 Thunder fighter air craft, AWACS system, Al-Khalid tanks, Babur cruise missiles are symbol of deep rooted military co-operation. China has also a vital strategic interest in developing relationship with Pakistan. Ever since the China – India skirmish in the sixties over border dispute which resulted in India building up its forces along the disputed border leading to Chinese military intervention, China has opted for strong partnership with Pakistan to check any hemoginistic designs of India in the region. This analogy can best be summed up by Lisa Curtis in an article titled â€Å"Extent of Pakistan China Relationship† as under: â€Å"Pakistan and China have long-standing strategic ties, dating back five decades. China maintains a robust defence relationship with Pakistan and views a strong partnership with Pakistan as a useful way to contain Indian power in the region and divert Indian military force and strategic attention away from China. The China-Pakistan partnership serves both Chinese and Pakistani interests by presenting India with a potential two-front theater in the event of war with either country. Chinese officials also view a certain degree of India-Pakistan tension as advancing their own strategic interests, as such friction bogs India down in South Asia and interferes with New Delhi’s ability to assert its global ambitions and compete with China at the international level. †3 China is fast emerging as the biggest economic super power. Economic trade between China and Pakistan is rapidly increasing at a fast pace. Chinese products have flooded the Pakistani market. â€Å" Current trade between both countries is at $ 9 billion, making China the second largest trade partner of Pakistan. † 4 China has also played a significant role in the development of nuclear power plants for peaceful purposes. The material and technical support provided by China in the completion of Chasma Nuclear Power Complex is a manifest of the deep rooted relationship. This has been despite the fact of increasingly stringent export controls in western countries and opposition by major super powers thus it is true to state that Pak-China relationship is â€Å"Time tested and All weather. † In Chinese, Pakistan found a best and most reliable friend. China always helped Pakistan economically and militarily when there was no hope for external help. On the diplomatic front, Pakistan always find China firmly standing behind its back. As a reciprocal, Pakistan was not only the first country to recognize China but it always supported China’s claim to the Chinese seat in the United Nations. Pak-China friendship is an all weather and time tested relationship based on mutual trust and respect. Both the countries enjoy convergence of views on all bilateral regional and international issues. To conclude it can be said without any doubt that Pak-China relationship is exemplary, which continues to grow and is envy for others. It is a friendship which is rooted in the hearts and mind of the peoples. How to cite Pakistan China Relation Development, Papers

Ministerial Briefing Paper Increase Usage of ICE on young People

Question: Discuss about the Ministerial Briefing Paper Usage of ICE on young People. Answer: Title of the Briefing Paper The title of the briefing paper is Increase usage of ICE on young people aged 18-29 years old in Australia. The briefing paper will be directed to Minister for Health and Sport. Purpose of the Briefing Paper Measuring ice use in the population is problematic where the data is included and come from different foundations and population reviews (Bean et al., 2014). The National wastewater-monitoring platform explains the hospital data and action centre data. Most of the people actually report higher rates in their groups than are reflected in over-all populace surveys. It is difficult for determining whether methamphetamine use in Australia has increased. At the time of looking at population statistics, it becomes problematic to distinct harms in relation to ice use from harms and other procedures of methamphetamine use. Background Youth is a stage of life that is categorized by fast emotional as well as physical change where young people development from being reliant children for self-governing adults (Lee et al., 2014). In addition, Young people inclined towards experiment as well as taking risks that influence on their own fitness and happiness. Furthermore, the study explains behaviours like risky drinking, dangerous driving as well as illicit drugs aged between 18 to 29 years. It need to look at some of the possible significances of these actions that includes charged with illegal crimes as well as death and hospitalization (Lancaster, 2014). The Prime Minister recently to combat ice announced it and there had been revelation where the drug can be responsible for the suicide deaths of sailors in Western Australia. Crystal methamphetamine is also termed as ice and has emerged as a growing issue in the community On analysis, it had been noted around 243 million people across the world uses illicit drug every year or 5.2% of people aged between 18 to 29 years. More than 42% of Australians had used illegal drugs at some time in their life as well as almost 15% had used illegal drugs in the preceding year. Status There is growing concern about the use of the drug known as ice or methamphetamine. The fact says that numbers are being used for estimating the size of the problem (Lancaster, 2014). Young people aged between 18 to 29 years in drug and alcohol action agendas who reports taking methamphetamine that doubles in the five years and research published in the Medical Journal of Australia. The study shows that survey with 865 adolescents aged between 18 to 29 years who were in housing drug as well as alcohol behaviour agendas in New South Wales and the Australia Capital Territory. Investigators led by Professor Louisa Degenhardt from the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at the University of New South Wales had made an attempt to estimate the general numbers of steady as well as reliant on methamphetamine users in and across Australia starting from the year 2002 to 2014 and number by age groups 18 to 29 years (Doran et al., 2010) Young people aged 18 to 29 years old is significant have recently used ice. Furthermore, a recent wastewater analysis shows it as a shared tool for measuring drug use within the nation-wide populations and high levels of methamphetamine in local sites in and across Australia such as Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania (Howard, Gordon Jones, 2014). Methamphetamine is not the most usually used drug in Australia. It displays the proportion of Australians in the year 2016 and used in the following substances during previous 12 months. Young people aged 18 to 29 years reports that physically assault occurs at licensed premises or in the open at 34%. Key considerations Methamphetamine is also known as ice and speed was only drug for showing an mounting trend with 10.8% youths that says it is the utmost drug of distress (Lancaster, 2014). It is the adolescents that had been verified high levels of cannabis that uses 85.2%, tobacco use at 72.7%, usage of alcohol at 64.1% where methamphetamine was the only drug as it shows significant upward trend for given period of time (Fitzpatrick et al., 2015). It is essential to consider the fact that new upsurge in projected reliant on use of methamphetamine among those aged 28 to 29 years and rate estimated at 1.14% (Doran et al., 2010). It is noted that there had been increased number of problem faced by the user of methamphetamine where they expand the services for redressing the fitness difficulties in association with even methamphetamine use. According to a research that was published in the Medical Journal of Australia, more than 27000 Australians aged between 18 to 29 years that became even users of methamphetamine and over half of those are reliant on on the drug (Lancaster, 2014). Options Some of the lead researcher had commented that findings highlights the essential for greater backing for reintegration agendas as well as provision for youths after they left for relapsing purpose (Doran et al., 2010). More than 321 adolescents reports current use of methamphetamine where gasping burn or steam increased by 12.5%. The young people are addicted towards consuming drugs and it is fun for them. However, with methamphetamine, the change tome between had not been tricky and it became thoughtful problematic recently. Recommendations It is recommended to the Health Department Authority to support youths after they leave for action. In a learning, it had been noted that methamphetamine remainder in the wastewater of seaside city in South-East Queensland at levels as well as suggesting increase in usage of methamphetamine. It is very clear that both methamphetamine as well as use of strong from crystal methamphetamine (ice). References Doran, C. M., Hall, W. D., Shakeshaft, A. P., Vos, T., Cobiac, L. J. (2010). Alcohol policy reform in Australia: what can we learn from the evidence. Med J Aust, 192(8), 468-470. Fitzpatrick, J. P., Latimer, J., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carmichael Olson, H., ... Hawkes, G. (2015). Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population?based sample of children living in remote Australia: The Lililwan Project. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 51(4), 450-457. Howard, S. J., Gordon, R., Jones, S. C. (2014). Australian alcohol policy 20012013 and implications for public health. BMC public health, 14(1), 1. Lancaster, K. (2014). Social construction and the evidence-based drug policy endeavour. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(5), 948-951. Lee, Y. J., Boden-Albala, B., Larson, E., Wilcox, A., Bakken, S. (2014). Online health information seeking behaviors of Hispanics in New York City: a community-based cross-sectional study.Journal of medical Internet research,16(7). Bean, C. N., Fortier, M., Post, C., Chima, K. (2014). Understanding how organized youth sport may be harming individual players within the family unit: A literature review.International journal of environmental research and public health,11(10), 10226-10268.

Albania essays

Albania essays For many years, foreign travel to and from Albania was severely restricted. Although the country has been a tourist destination for Europeans for several years, the majority of people in the United State still know very little about this Eastern European country. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the geography, people, government and economy of Albania and to provide facts and information about this fascinating country. Albania is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas and is surrounded on its northern, eastern, and southern sides by Yugoslavia, Kosova, Maqedonia, and Greece. (www.albania.com). The country is less then 80 Km (40 miles) across the Adriatic from Italy. (www.albania.com) Albania has broad access to the sea. Its coastline has two main features: the flatter dection of the area along the Adriatic and the mountainous part of the land that borders the Ionian Sea. Albania is known as one of the most mountainous countries in Europe, with a man altitude quarter then 700 meters (2.300 feet) above sea level. The weather is cool in winter and hot in summer with a small numbers of cloudy days. Albania has population of 3.3 million (www.albania.com). Approximly 312.00 of these people live in Tirana, the countrys capital and largest city. (Background). Three major religions are practiced in Albania. Seventy percent of the people are Muslim; twenty percent are Orthodox; and ten percent are Catholic. (Background). Albania is the official state language (Tosk is the official dialect). (Background). Nine years of education are required by law, but large majorities of the people finish high school. After they complete high school, most of the teenagers want to go to Europe or the United State to complete their higher education to have a better future. Majorities of the people are self-employed. More than eighty percent of the population is white, and less then twenty percent is gypsy. ...

Cold War History Essay

Cold War History Essay Cold War History Essay Cold War History Essay If you've got the assignment to write an essay about historical events, Cold War for example, you are expected to write a research paper. Your first task is to go to the library and find necessary information for research essay. Find and analyze as many information as you can, Cold War history essay cannot be based on one article. While writing Cold War history essay, you need to discover, interpret, and revise numerous publications, both primary and secondary.   Cold War, as an essay topic, requires deep understanding of the historical period and relations between the United States and Soviet Union. Essay Writing Tips Once you have visited your local library, collected enough information, and arranged your ideas (created an outline), you are ready to start writing an essay.   English essay format has to consist of three components:   introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.   Introduction paragraph should contain general information on the period of Cold War, the causes of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, their allies, and the overall political situation in the world in the period of 1940s-1990s.   Introduction should contain a thesis statement aimed at helping the reader to understand the Cold War history essay flow. Body paragraph should show your research work. Each paragraph should contain new idea and should start with new line.   English essay body paragraphs should be used to describe the reasons why Cold War tensions appeared and cover ideological differences between the US and the USSR. The US was a capitalist country at that time and the USSR was a communist country. Thus, you might mention that US was afraid of the spread of communism throughout the world. In addition, you should give other examples and support them with specific facts. Cold War history essay conclusion should summarize the main points of the whole essay.   Do not bring new information in the concluding section.   You may conclude with your own interpretation of the historical period and set the direction for further research.   For example, mention the Iron curtain speech, the development of the Atomic Bomb, etc.   Keep in mind that all sources you used or consulted for Cold War history essay writing have to be properly cited within the text as well as at the end of it. Bibliography list has to be formatted in accordance to the style requested by the tutor. Custom Essay Writing Help If you are not sure in your ability to write a good Cold War history essay, if you cannot decide on the overall direction, if you cannot find enough sources to support your ideas, you are welcome to ask writers for assistance!   In addition to final draft of your custom written paper, you get FREE plagiarism report and bibliography list.

Looking at the Four Way Relationship among Jackson, Clay, Calhoun, and Essay

Looking at the Four Way Relationship among Jackson, Clay, Calhoun, and Webster, which Man do you Find more Admirable and Why - Essay Example First is the one concerning the â€Å"nullification crisis†. Prior to this period, under the American System a lot of subsidies were being granted through tariffs imposed on imports and otherwise aiding the domestic industry because it was thought to boost the economy. When Jackson came into power, he curbed these trade protection measures which resulted in an outcry and retaliation from the Congress. The crisis that developed with strong stances from both sides was dimmed when the Congress announced it would lower taxes in 1833. The second episode was concerning the â€Å"Bank War†. The Bank of the United States was a corporation controlled by the Congress with basically two major functions, one was to print paper money and the second was to manage the government’s finances, however Jackson thought that such an institution was dangerous and wrongful and later vetoed a charter asking to expand the Bank’s role. Jackson became the advocate for the people aga inst the elite who had set to exploit them. By doing this he introduced a new but permanent theme into American Politics. Further, Jackson strengthened and extended the role and responsibilities of an American President. He inaugurated the â€Å"spoils system† which was in effect a patronage system whereby once a party wins the elections, the government gives employment to its voters as an incentive to stay loyal to the party. During his time in power, Andrew Jackson displayed a lot of strength and patriotism and with his precise aim and steel will was able to greatly impact the face of American politics for generations to come. (Miller Center, University of Virginia). Daniel Webster (1782-1852) was an American statesman, lawyer and orator and a strong supporter of nationalism. Following his quick success, Webster was elected for the House of Representatives in 1812. Later, Webster left the congress and moved to Boston, where he proceeded to establish himself as one of the na tion’s greatest lawyers. He returned back to Congress in 1823 and was elected for senator four years later. Webster allied with President Andrew Jackson over the issue of nullifying tariff in South Carolina but apart from that they were not really on the same side. Webster ran for presidency but was never elected. (Sydney Nathan). Henry Clay (1777-1852) was an American statesman, congressman and senator. Clay was a supporter of balancing the rights of Free states as well as slave states and fought for federal funding for the national bank, the industry and for much needed investment in infrastructure. Clay also ran twice for the Presidency, both times unsuccessfully. (Bio.Truestory) John Calhoun (1782-1850) was an influential American politician, senator and political theorist. He was Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832 during the presidency of John Quincy Adams and also during the initial time period under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun resigned from Vice Presiden cy in 1832 and was then elected for the United States Senate. He had been a supporter of President Jackson initially, but with the passage of time and events their alliance deteriorated and Calhoun withdrew his support from Jackson after he turned against him. He subsequently became a strong voice against Jackson’s policies especially, the â€Å"spoils system†. From the time beginning from1832 and leading up to this death, Calhoun dedicated his

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Literature Review - Essay Example This DSME program was made for people with low incomes and lack of diabetes knowledge so that they can be prevented from being diagnosed with diabetes (Kemper et al., 2005). This article discusses the increasing rate of diabetic patients hospitalized in New York State, and the effects on the number of people hospitalized with diabetes. The ages of these hospitalized diabetic patients are between 25 and 74 years old in New York City from 1993 to2000. The study measured and compared the rates of hospitalized diabetics from  specific ZIP codes and persistent organic pollutant (POP) areas; an analytical data method was used in this article. The results were that patients in ZIP sites had better incomes, engaged in more physical activity, not as much use of smoking, and had better diets. Also, the hospitalization rate of diabetics influenced the ZIP codes sites, which raised the hospitalization rates of people with diabetes who came from POP sites and "other" (Kouznetsova et al., 2007). The research in "Fatigue in employees with diabetes: Its relation with work characteristics and diabetes-related burden" is about how work characteristics from the Job Demand-Control-Support model (JDCS) relate to fatigue and diabetes. The population used in this study was employees aged between 30 and 60 years old who have diabetes (type 1 and 2 diabetes); this study was taken from a diabetes clinic in the Netherlands. The job stress or pressure for the employees was measured through analytical data observation. The result was that diabetes symptoms have a huge effect on an employee’s fatigue levels (Weijman et al., 2003). Also, the less support that employees received in the work environment meant the greater fatigue problems that employees had. On the other hand, the study that affects gender and health showed the effects of gender roles and influence on health. Whereas women live longer than men, women get sicker more often than men (Bird and Fremont, 1991). This article discusses three health inequality models: the racial genetic model, lifestyle model, and socioeconomic status model. The use of these three models is to show health inequality for African-Americans and compare that with the healthcare that white Americans receive. The author discussed in detail about the healthcare differences for both ethnic groups. Next, the author listed all the major health problems and provided statistics to show racial inequality; it has been mentioned in other research that inequality in healthcare derives from the inequality in health insurance (Quesnel-Vallee, 2004). Finally, the author presented and discussed the social structural model, or what he called the alternative model (Dressler, 1993). The author used observational and analytical research for the population of African-Americans in terms of gender and age in the United States. He measured socioeconomic and health statuses to see whether there was a difference in diet, exercise, and consumption of alcohol and cigarettes for each ethnic group. Also, in this research the author was specific regarding darker skin colors of Americans (Dressler, 1993). For this study’s results, he found that the health of African-Americans health was on average poorer than white Americans. For health inequality, the author found that African-Americans had a higher likelihood of a major cause of mortality than white people;

Reflection on Teamwork and Gender

Reflection on Teamwork and Gender Introduction As the only male in a group of four female working on a presentation, the learning experience gained reflectively looking back was invaluable. How I got on in the working process while engaged in the completion of this presentation represented a process of understanding the difference in dynamics of working within a group situation whereby my initial impressions of the progress being made differed from the manner in which each individual approached the situation. The following will offer a reflection on this situation. At first, I felt as if I was the only one actively engaged on the project, gauging that the others were being flippant in their approach. Tavris and Wade (1984, pp. 71-73) offered some insight into this as they advise that men are more aggressive than women. They point to the example that this difference is detectable as early as age three when children start playing with one another (Tavris and Wade, 1984, pp. 71-73). Their analogy stated that little boys from the start show more physical aggression, play aggressive, have fantasy aggression and utilize verbal aggression (Tavris and Wade, 1984, pp. 71-73). This, they point to is the male aspect of winning, which means getting started earlier and taking over (Tavris and Wade, 1984, pp. 71-73). Fay and Tokarczyk (1993, pp. 78-79) developed my understanding further in adding that women approach work in a different manner, as they are more social beings. Dale and Lynne Spender (1986, p. 32) dismiss the mythical talkativeness of women ind icating that in mixed sex conversations that women only talked ten to twenty percent of the time gauging their situation. They added that women, after feeling comfortable in a group setting will then set about the task at hand, however, they have privately thought about the problem and have definitive ideas and approaches to discuss when that time arrives (Spender and Spender, 1986, pp. 34-35). Lunneborg (1990, p. 21) offered the following insight to this start of the project situation that I seemingly was so preoccupied with. She states that women tend to spend time gathering and thinking more about the information aspects in singular fashion, gauging the situation against their own personal skills and formulating approaches as they consider what they either know or have gleaned from other members of the group (Lunneborg, 1990, pp. 23-28). These dynamics helped me to understand that my learning style was simply too male oriented to at first take in the significances of how women approach problems and solutions. I learned that the first thing I should have done was approach the first session as an introduction to my co-workers, asking for inputs on how to set about the presentation as a group process, instead of feeling that I was the only contributor. Novarra (1980, p. 51) advised me that women manage in a less academic fashion. They, women, are â€Å"†¦ accessible, unstuffy, informal, direct in getting to the point, spontaneous, averse to wrangling, sympathetic and not long winded or pompous†. Nickles and Ascroft (1981, pp. 206-207) referred to the foregoing style as ‘beta’. They, women, utilize power for the good of the group as opposed to the individual, and that good management represents sensitivity in the creation of a work environment that fosters growth and learning (Nickles and Ascroft. 1981, pp. 206-207). They offered additional insight in that ‘Beta’ power cares more about the quality of work life and uses flexible schedules, job sharing and the decentralization of authority (Nickles and Ascroft. 1981, pp. 206-207). Leaders are not needed at the top of the hierarchy in making decisions, as it is a shared process. Howe (1975, pp. 127-171) advised me that women are more democratic, egalitarian and cooperative. In working with men, or in this case a male, women tend to slow things down to create a pace that reflects thinking and sharing. She added that women have an alternative view of power that is based upon sisterhood, and that in a group situation the usual first steps in the process entail an informal discussion as the parties get to know one another for later interaction as opposed to the male method of the big dog taking over and letting other things fall into place. As I saw the collective approach take hold later in the process, the understanding I gained after the fact made me better understand the dynamics of working with women and how my initial impressions were male based. The difficulty I felt I had in maintaining group focus was my male approach as opposed to the reflective and group sharing approach women utilize to address working situations, which are similar in context to their approach of problems in any form. Conclusion The apprehension I experienced in working with a group of four females taught me that there are differing ways in which the approach to a working situation can be handled. As the only male member I thrust myself into thinking into feeling that I needed to take charge, even though I held back on that action. Upon reflection, that was a wise choice as the group dynamics later showed me that the work at hand was being handled, but in a different manner than I was accustomed to. The lack of individual conflicts, the overall courteousness of the group, and the process of producing the piece was an enjoyable and productive session. My feelings of getting a late start did not account for the accelerated pace of development as a team whereby ideas, solutions and contributions flowed naturally without power struggles, thus shortening the time frame to get things accomplished. In retrospect the entire experience enabled me to take away from the process a new set of techniques and understandings with respect to group dynamics that was not just applicable to women, but groups of any gender composition. My concerns regarding being the only male in the group were facets of my own imagination as the females did not and were not focused on gender differences, they were focused on meshing the group into a cohesive unit, whereby the synergy would be greater than the parts. Bibliography Fay, E., Tokarczyk, M. (1993) Working Class Women in the Academy. University of Massachusetts Press Howe, F. (1975) Women and the power to change. McGraw Hill Lunneborg, P. (1990) Women Changing Work. Bergin and Garvey Nickles, E., Ashcroft, L. (1981) The coming matriarchy. Seaview Books Novarra, V. (1980) Women’s Work, men’s work. Praeger Spender, D., Spender, L. (1986) Scribbling sisters. Camden Press Tavris, C., Wade, C. (1984) The longest war: Sex Differences in perspective. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

Community Management of Toyota Owner Club

Background Technology takes part in the development of human being, especially information and technology. It creates globalization in almost every sector of economy, politics, education, and culture in almost every country. Technology makes information almost borderless and simplifies the customer source of information but on the other hand makes the market analysis grow more sophisticated and also creates the need of improvement in knowledge to understand the marketing model to cope with the dynamic improvement of technology.Marketing as knowledge to describe â€Å"what-who-when-where-why-and how† to the market works describe in 3 main issue which is ; 1. Product management 2. Customer management 3. Brand management That is all learnt by marketeers so corporates could generate the demand of production continually time after time and surviving in the market. The problem nowadays is when the company’s marketing slowly has less effect on customer due to a lack of trust o r the obsolete company methods used in today’s shifting market, companies needs to be more ease and open to new, necessary information so it could be disseminated to their customers.Social media and information portal, easily accessed by those who need current information and recommendations, is more preferrable to the consumer. A research said that 90% of customers are sure about recommendations his/her friend gave them and 70% of customers are sure about opinions on the internet. graph 1 Degree of Trust for company advertisement (April 2009, the Nielsen Company) Somehow it is a phenomenon that less of consumers are convinced of company’s advertisements and shifted to another form of â€Å"advertisement† which is what we call recommendation by acquintances.It is an oopportunity for companies to take advantage of a community or group of loyal customers as an information pipeline to attract customers and prospected customers. It is what we know as word of mouth, which the dissemination of information is not massive but specified and spread in high speed thus making it unstoppable. To companies, above the line (ATL) advertising should not only be the main focus and main budget spent to market their product information and create the willingness to buy, companies also should convince the potential customer by developing the methods of effective below the line (BTL) advertising effective-efficient.Community involvement in this BTL aactivity is one of the activations in horizontal marketing. How to do that is develop a company that has marketing orientation from a precious concept (main issue of marketing explained above) into new concept of horizontal marketing which contains; 1. Co Creation 2. Communitization 3. Character building The point in communitization is explaining the relationship between the company and the consumers with a community between them. Godin Seth in his book â€Å"Tribal† concludes that successful companies have t he support from the community.It explains that consumers intend to be more connected with other costumers rather than with the company. Here is great oopportunity if companies understand what its consumers want and take the appropriate action by accomodating consumers in a community or enter the existing community and give the company's influence there. A company needs to help consumers connect to their community so the influence has more power to persuade the following marketing effort. Fourier and Lee explain that consumers themselves would choose where they belong on the following type of connection : 1.Pools : here is where consumers are real brand fans and event hough they did not interact directly with other consumers in a community they would still be â€Å"brand evangelists† and strengthen brand power. 2. Webs : the consumer has one-on-one interraction, it is typically consumers who connect with each other on social media. They spread information and influence in one- on-one interaction but usually also affects other group members. 3. Hubs : A hub connection needs a leader, the trend setter and figure who brings another consumer (follower) into the network and these consumers will move around the leader and create a loyalty of brand.We might agree that a community is developed not to serve the business but to serve their members which attracts loyal consumers. But this indirect relationship does not mean the company has no intention, the company needs to maintain in effective-efficient way so marketing effort will not be a waste but instead succeed slowly but sure, the company builds the building blocks of a consumer’s trust and loyalty, and the community has significant role in it. 1. 2Problem Formulation For the background has been explained before, authors have researched the question to be developed as mentioned below : 1.What sre Toyota Owner Club’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in its current position ? 2. How Toyota explains the frame work and milestones in this community management process ? 1. 3Research Objectives This research is done pursuing the explanation of problem found and set objectives as shown below : 1. Identifying Toyota Owner Club has strength, weaknesses, oopportunity, and threat 2. Giving suggestion of current community management process has frame work and milestone 1. 4Research scope Author has scope in this research are ; 1.Research conducted while doing industrial training in PT Toyota-Astra Motors (Head Office, Jalan Yos Sudarso – Sunter II Jakarta 14330) in Marketing Division- Marketing Communication Departement, Event Section. 2. Information provided is infromation from author has observation, discussion, and primary and secondary data from industrial training period. 3. This research is not for profit and conducted as author has suggestion to the management, event section of PT Toyota-Astra Motors. 1. 5Internship Objectives This internship itself were conduct more than doing research are also to achieve these objectives ;

MP3 Player Industry Analysis

Electronic gadgets are very much popular nowadays. Both teens and adults alike are caught up in this technology wave of the present and future. Almost everyone in the US and other first-world countries have mobile phones. Even little kids have one for practical reasons, according to some parents. Yet another electronic gadget that is as popular as a mobile phone is the MP3 player. Since everyone seems to like music a lot, this little electronic device easily captured the hearts of many people around the world. Apple was the company that had big risks yet big hopes in this market when it released its own version of MP3 player called the Apple iPod in 2001. Some were not convinced of Apple’s strategy entering this line of business as the industry was not quite promising that time (Guglielmo, 2001). But even with its price tag on the upper bracket, Apple reportedly has the highest share in the market at about 80% (Skee, 2006). But with the increasing number of competitors in the market offering much more affordable digital audio players, this huge amount of market share will most likely decrease in the years to come. As all knows, technology is something that does not really stagnate at all. MP3 players would not only remain as simple music playing device forever. With continuous engineering and innovation, a third of the MP3 players currently available in the market now have video playing capability. This means that users will not only be able to listen to their favorite music wherever they want, but watch some cool music videos as well. This made a huge impact in the sales of MP3 players since the feature was introduced. Wargo, director of Consumer Electronics Association, (as cited in Slocombe, 2006) stated that, â€Å"MP3 technology helped boost the audio and accessories markets in 2005. With the introduction of video playback capability, MP3 player sales surged 200 percent in 2005 to $3 billion.[†¦]† The figures concerning this industry are really huge considering that this only talks about the US consumers alone. At present, MP3 players still do not lose their charm. Just for the past holiday season, MP3 players topped the survey of 1,000 US adults for their most wanted gift (Ogg, 2006). The device had outdone other popular consumer electronic devices such as digital cameras and portable DVD players. According to CEA (2007), â€Å"MP3 players continue to drive the audio market. [†¦] Thirty-four million MP3 players shipped in 2006 and an additional 41 million are expected to ship in 2007.† The toughest competitor of Apple iPod now is Microsoft’s own Zune which was just introduced in the market late 2006, just in time for the holidays. The two products have been compared by a lot of analysts. Most of the reviews and comparison reports made still think that Apple will be the leading brand in this industry for the next years to come. However, Apple is still in stand by because Microsoft is still Microsoft. Although there are not enough information yet as to how many people already own the new Microsoft Zune nor their current market share, it is well-known that the brand Microsoft itself owns about 90% of the market when it comes to operating systems which is about 300 million people. On the other hand, there are about 30 million people who have an iPod, which is about 70% of the MP3 player industry. (Elgan, 2006) In a nutshell, the MP3 player industry is still a promising and flourishing industry and will continue to increase sales in the coming years. With all the different companies trying to compete and outdo the market starter, Apple iPod still is the leading player in the market since its introduction despite the quite expensive price tag it has. References Elgan, M. (2006). Opinion: Why Microsoft’s Zune Scares Apple to the Core. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9003718&pageNumber=1 Guglielmo, C. (2001). Apple Has Big Hopes for iPod. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,1242682,00.asp Ogg, E. (2006). MP3 Players Top Holiday Wish Lists, CEA Survey Finds. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://news.com.com/MP3+players+top+holiday+wish+lists,+CEA+survey+finds/2100-1041_3-6126358.html Skee, G. (2006). US MP3 Player Sales Will Reach $4.5 Billion in 2006. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://www.anythingbutipod.com/archives/2006/01/us-mp3-player-sales-will-reach-45-billion-in-2006.php Slocombe, M. (2006). CES 2006 Starts: MP3 Player Sales to Soar 200%. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://digital-lifestyles.info/2006/01/05/ces-2006-starts-mp3-player-sales-to-soar-200/

Recruitment And Selection HR Policy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1628 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? A number of articles and studies have argued that Human Resources function is more effective as a strategic partner in many organisations. The current focus has seen Human Resources Management as an integral part of the resource contributing to firms overall profitability as opposed to cost of production. The viewpoint of strategic human resource management brings to the forefront the importance of human resources practices to organisational performance, such as organisations productivity, financial performance and effective employees selection and recruitment guidelines. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Recruitment And Selection HR Policy" essay for you Create order This dissertation seeks to consider this how human resources management adds value to the changing business environment and also the accompanied problems associated with the implementation of recruitment and selection policies. It will further discuss how recruitment and selection policies can be successfully implemented into the organisations working practices to facilitate it effectiveness and how they can be used to improve business efficiency and value. It also examines the challenges the implementation of recruitment and selection could pose in a banking sector, using as case study Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) which is situated in Nigeria. Dissertation Objective, Question, Hypotheses and Justification Dissertation Objective The aim of this dissertation is to assess the importance and effectiveness of HR selection and recruitment policies at Guaranty Trust Bank and to examine how it significantly affects the organisational levels outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: To obtain detailed knowledge on the effectiveness of recruitment and selection process. To establish whether the implementation of the policies helps to achieve high levels of organisational effectiveness. To investigate whether the recruitment and selection policy is applied equally, consistently and fairly. To specify the positive or negative impact of implementing the recruitment and selection HR policies. Dissertation Questions The research will help answer these questions What is the impact of HR policies in the Nigerias banking industry and how has it affected recruitment and selection processes? Which aspect of recruitment and selection processes needs to be improved on by banks in Nigeria? Do recruitment and selection practices influence the choice of applicants? What will be the impact of effective recruitment and selection process on the competitiveness of banks in the banking sector? Hypotheses This research will help answer these questions: H0: Recruitment and selection guidelines will have positive impact in the banking sector. H1: Recruitment and selection guidelines will negative impact on the organisation. H2: Recruitment and selection guidelines will not be a factor influencing the choice of applicants for a job. H3: Recruitment and selection guidelines will not have a significant impact on the competitiveness in the banking sector. Justification for the Dissertation This study will be useful in the following ways: Serve as an additional basis for studies of recruitment selection practices in Nigeria. Add to the existing knowledge of recruitment and selection practices in Nigeria. Serve as a measure to check the business performance of banks in the banking industry. Serve as a pointer to banks decision makers to improve on the implementation of their HR policies which serve as medium to improve their competitiveness. Literature Review Recruitment and Selection HR Policy: Recruitment is the method of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers and with appropriate qualifications, developing their interest in an organisation and encouraging them to apply for jobs within it (Mondy Noe, 1993; Crawford, 2004). During this process, efforts are made to inform the applicants fully about the selection criteria of the required competencies that will lead to effective performance, as well as career opportunities the organisation can provide the employee. Whether or not a particular job vacancy will be filled by someone from within, or outside, the organisation depends on the organisations human resource policies, the requirements of the job to be filled, the talent to be found and, often, the organisational politics surrounding the decision (Nankervis et al., 2002). Selection is the process of choosing from a group of applicants the individual best suited for a particular position (Mondy Noe, 1993) based on conventional and non-conven tional methods (Crawford, 2004). Therefore, the effectiveness of recruitment has a significant impact on the efficiency of the selection process. The selection process should provide as much reliable and valid information as possible about applicants so that their qualifications may be carefully matched with the job requirements. While the selection process is usually the responsibility of the human resource director or similar professional, managerial and supervisory personnel in all the business units of an organisation also have an important role in the selection process (Goldrick, 1997). They need to be well versed in the conventional selection methods of psychological and aptitude testing as well as single-stage to multi-stage interviews. Further, essential experience with non-conventional selection should include graphology, group selection or assessment centre and country house weekend techniques. When the final decision of hiring is in the hands of members of a selection committee, it is important that they understand both the objectives/policies relating to selection and the overall strategic direction of the organisation. Recruitment and Selection are integrated actions. According to Armstrong (2009), recruitment was defined as the process of finding and engaging the people an organisation needs while selection involves the recruitment process concerned with deciding which applicants or candidates should be appointed to jobs (Hackett, 1991). Recruitment is primarily concerned with generating a pool of suitable candidates whereas selection is concerned with identifying those that meet the organisations requirements (Beardwell Claydon, 2007). Albrecht (2001) also states that recruitment is just a first step in developing a global workforce, a first stage in cultivating global leadership and supporting your international business. Redman et al (2009) examines recruitment as practices and activities carried out by the organisation with the primary purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees. Be that as it may, the main aim of recruitment is to ensure that the organisation is effectively and adequately staffed at all times. Therefore, the purpose is to attract suitable people for a particular job which involves matching the applicants with the criteria of the job within the organisation and eventually making a decision at the selection process (Nankervis et al, 2009). Dowling et al (2004) claims that selection is the process of gathering information for the purpose of evaluating and deciding who should be employed in specific jobs. The purpose of selection is to match people to specific jobs as it is the most important element in any organisations management of people simply because it is not possible to optimise the effectiveness of human resources if theres a less than adequate match (Roberts, 1997) Dissertation Methodology Secondary Research Method The secondary methodology approach will be adopted in this study drawing data from secondary published journals and reviewsThe current study will be conducted in a single industry to examine within-industry differences: banking. Johnson et al. (1989) argued, and found, that consolidation essentially prevents firms from implementing the full range of their strategic choices. Deregulation, as has occurred in banking industry in Nigeria, has allowed banks the freedom to exercise strategic choice. The overall effect of the structural and technical changes has contributed to HR practices, as a source of competitive advantage. The banks have moved from being order takers to being customer oriented sales organizations continually searching for more products and markets. Hunter (1997) states that banks are currently exploring new ways to organize work. Thus, banking currently offers a highly competitive environment that allows firms to exercise differing business strategies. Because of its service orientation, human resource management rises to prominence as a significant factor in strategic implementation as the employees are the product (Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996). Research Philosophy The research philosophy is made up of important assumptions about the way the world is viewed (Saunders et al (2000)). These assumptions underpin the research strategy and the methods used which is also part of that strategy. The two main research philosophies commonly used are positivism and phenomenology. The positivist angle tends towards quantitative studies while phenomenology applies to qualitative studies (Collins Hussey, 2003). The phenomenological stance supports the importance of exploring a situation so as to understand its reality (Remenyi, 1998). This is especially relevant to research studies because they are often complex and unique. A positivist philosophy is also appropriate for this research because positivism supports that findings should be observable, quantifiable and replicable (Collis Hussey, 2003). Research Approach Hyde (2000) states that there are two assumptions to reasoning which may result in the acquisition of new knowledge. They are: inductive and deductive approaches. The inductive approach is a theory building process, starting with observations of specific instances, and seeking to establish generalisations about the phenomenon under investigation. Deductive approach one the other hand is a theory testing process which commences with an established theory or generalisation and seeks to see if the theory applies to specific instances (Hyde, 2000). The inductive approach is the most appropriate for this research because it allows for the investigation and interpretation of complex situations mostly found in business environments which the deductive approach rationale and law-like generalizations of situations might not adequately capture (Bryman, 2008; Saunders et al, 2000). It was possible and easier to study the environment where findings were collected. The findings collected would be analysed and interpreted before a theory is generated (Daymon, 2002; Easterby-Smith et al, 2002) Research Method and Design The research method design to be adopted in this study will be reviews of existing employment policies, previous researches and other existing literature, combined with case study methodology and survey because it involves obtaining information directly from the staff of the bank. Timescale The whole process of completing this dissertation would take three and half months: from 30th January till 16th April 2013: Conclusion At the end, this study will seek to establish the following: Are better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organisational outcomes? Does effectiveness of an organisations selection process influence bottom-line business outcomes, such as productivity and financial performance?